今天分享一下关于有刷、无刷电机的区别,首先我们先了解一下电机的分类!
原来电机还分直流电机、交流电机这两种,而无刷电机、有刷电机是划分到直流电机这一类别,那么问题来了,同属一个类别的无刷、有刷究竟有何区别呢?
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LearnEngineering制作的动画,讲解了无刷直流电动机的工作原理。
无刷直流电机主要由用永磁材料制造的转子、带有线圈绕组的定子和位置传感器(可有可无)组成!
附视频讲解:
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无刷就是有刷电机中的“电刷”没有了,电刷在有刷电机里扮演的角色是通过换向器向转子里的线圈通电。
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看完上边视频之后对无刷、有刷电机有更深刻的了解了吗?那么小编再次提问,没有电刷的电机是如何向转子里的线圈通电的呢?
原来无刷电机采用永磁体来做转子,转子里是没有线圈的。由于转子里没有线圈,所以不需要用于通电的换向器和电刷。取而代之的是作为定子的线圈。(如下图所示)
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无刷电机的起源从头来讲也是比较简单的:大部分有刷直流电机的问题都来自于电刷。
电刷可能打火花、磨损、产生很强的噪音并产生很大一部分功耗,导致速度被严重限制,且不容易冷却。
这意味着您不能在任何易燃物周围、需要长使用寿命、静音或高效率的应用条件下、在任何高速或高功耗系统中使用有刷直流电机。
这都是电刷显著的缺点,取消电刷就可以解决这些问题,但是不好的地方是同时消除了机械换向。
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缺乏机械换向会造成其它问题,因为电机需要换向。无刷电机使用电气换向,这种换向方式下,您需要确保电机中的电流始终产生一个可以移动转子的磁场。
但是看看下图,需要先知道转子在哪里,才能考虑如何施加电流来移动转子。
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线圈不动,磁极旋转。无刷直流电机,通过霍尔元件,感知永磁体磁极的位置,根据这种感知,使用电子线路,适时切换线圈中电流的方向,保证产生正确方向的磁力,来驱动电机。
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