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       原来电机还分直流电机、交流电机这两种，而无刷电机、有刷电机是划分到直流电机这一类别，那么问题来了，同属一个类别的无刷、有刷究竟有何区别呢？

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LearnEngineering制作的动画，讲解了无刷直流电动机的工作原理。

无刷直流电机主要由用永磁材料制造的转子、带有线圈绕组的定子和位置传感器(可有可无)组成！

附视频讲解：

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无刷就是有刷电机中的“电刷”没有了，电刷在有刷电机里扮演的角色是通过换向器向转子里的线圈通电。

原来无刷电机采用永磁体来做转子，转子里是没有线圈的。由于转子里没有线圈，所以不需要用于通电的换向器和电刷。取而代之的是作为定子的线圈。（如下图所示）

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无刷电机的起源从头来讲也是比较简单的：大部分有刷直流电机的问题都来自于电刷。

电刷可能打火花、磨损、产生很强的噪音并产生很大一部分功耗，导致速度被严重限制，且不容易冷却。

这意味着您不能在任何易燃物周围、需要长使用寿命、静音或高效率的应用条件下、在任何高速或高功耗系统中使用有刷直流电机。

这都是电刷显著的缺点，取消电刷就可以解决这些问题，但是不好的地方是同时消除了机械换向。

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缺乏机械换向会造成其它问题，因为电机需要换向。无刷电机使用电气换向，这种换向方式下，您需要确保电机中的电流始终产生一个可以移动转子的磁场。

但是看看下图，需要先知道转子在哪里，才能考虑如何施加电流来移动转子。

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线圈不动，磁极旋转。无刷直流电机，通过霍尔元件，感知永磁体磁极的位置，根据这种感知，使用电子线路，适时切换线圈中电流的方向，保证产生正确方向的磁力，来驱动电机。

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